What are chest wall deformities?
Pectus excavatum is a sunken breastbone, the commonest chest wall deformity, usually noticed in childhood and becoming more marked through the adolescent growth spurt. Pectus carinatum is the opposite — the sternum protrudes. Both arise from overgrowth of the costal cartilages that join the ribs to the breastbone.
Assessment covers three things: how severe the deformity is, measured on CT; whether it is compressing the heart or limiting lung function; and how much it is affecting the person's life. Severe pectus excavatum can displace the heart and reduce exercise tolerance. Correction reshapes the chest wall, either by placing a bar behind the sternum to lift it or by resecting and remodelling the abnormal cartilages.
Assessed before any treatment is recommended.